Which item best describes Summative Assessment in a typical PLT context?

• A. Formative Assessment
• B. Summative Assessment
• C. Rubric
• D. Portfolio

Answer: (B)

Summative assessment is the evaluation that happens after instruction to see what students have learned and to assign a final grade or determine mastery. This timing and purpose—measuring learning at the end of a unit or course—best describe summative assessment. End-of-unit tests, finals, and term grades are classic examples because they summarize achievement after teaching.

Formative assessment, by contrast, is ongoing checks during learning to inform instruction and help students improve. A rubric is a scoring guide that can be used with various tasks to judge quality, not by itself defining the type of assessment. A portfolio is a collection of work used to show growth or achievement over time and can serve either formative or summative purposes depending on how it’s used.