Which informal assessment is used throughout learning experiences to guide instruction and provide feedback?

• A. Mean
• B. Grade Equivalent Score
• C. Formative Assessment
• D. Percentile

Answer: (C)

Formative assessment is the ongoing process of checking students’ understanding during instruction and using that information to adjust teaching and provide feedback. This approach keeps learning responsive in real time, guiding what to teach next and giving students immediate insights into their progress. The other terms describe data or scores, not the ongoing instructional feedback that shapes learning as it happens. The mean is just an average of scores, not a tool for guiding instruction. Grade Equivalent Score and percentile describe how a student compares to norms or the distribution, which isn’t about informing day-to-day teaching decisions or giving ongoing feedback.